Vellore Citizens' Welfare Forum v. Union of India
Supreme Court of India(1996) 5 SCC 647Constitutionalised the Precautionary Principle and the Polluter Pays Principle as part of Indian environmental law under Articles 21, 47, 48A, and 51A(g). Held that sustainable development is a balancing concept between ecology and development. Directed closure of tanneries polluting the Palar river and creation of a Green Bench in Madras HC.