M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Oleum Gas Leak Case)
Supreme Court of India(1987) 1 SCC 395Laid down the doctrine of Absolute Liability — an enterprise engaged in a hazardous or inherently dangerous activity which causes harm to anyone bears absolute and non-delegable liability, with no exceptions or defences whatsoever. This goes beyond the English rule of strict liability in Rylands v. Fletcher. Also held that constitutional courts can award compensation for violation of fundamental rights.