Kesavananda Bharati
Supreme Court of IndiaAIR 1973 SC 1461Bench: 13-judge Constitution Bench: Sikri CJ, Shelat J, Hegde J, Grover J, Jaganmohan Reddy J, Khanna J, Palekar J (majority, 7:6); Ray J, Dwivedi J, Mukherjea J, Reddy J, Chandrachud J, Beg J (minority)
Parliament can amend any provision of the Constitution including Fundamental Rights, but cannot destroy the basic structure or essential features of the Constitution. The majority identified basic structure elements including: supremacy of the Constitution, republican and democratic form of government, secular character, separation of powers, and federalism. Golaknath was overruled.