Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India

Supreme Court of IndiaAIR 1978 SC 597

Bench: CJ M.H. Beg,Y.V. Chandrachud,P.N. Bhagwati,V.R. Krishna Iyer,N.L. Untwalia,S. Murtaza Fazal Ali,P.S. Kailasam

Related sections: Article 14, Article 19, Article 21, Section 10(3)(c) Passports Act

Personal liberty under Article 21 includes the right to travel abroad. Any procedure depriving a person of life or personal liberty must be fair, just and reasonable — not arbitrary, fanciful or oppressive. Articles 14, 19 and 21 are interlinked and any law affecting liberty must satisfy all three. Natural justice is implicit in Article 21.