India on the World Map for UPSC 2026: Borders, Coastline, Islands, PYQs and Current Affairs
EduLaw EditorialAspirants PlaybookA complete UPSC guide to India on the world map with verified border lengths, updated coastline data, island channels, strategic chokepoints, PYQs, current affairs linkages and interactive revision tools.
E EduLaw Aspirants Playbook ☰ Index ◆ Aspirants Playbook 004 India on the World Map Updated till June 25, 2026 · Verified against MHA & PIB The geography topic UPSC keeps testing through borders, coastline, islands, chokepoints, PYQs and current affairs. Borders · Coastline · Islands · Chokepoints · PYQs · Current Affairs Start Revision Jump to PYQs Open Map Mode ★ Recommended Resource — EduLaw Store Aspirants Playbook Volume I The Complete UPSC Preparation System (Prelims & Mains) — answer writing, PYQ analysis, note making, revision systems and frameworks used by top rankers. Tap to open the book. Get the Book → On this page Why UPSC loves it Interactive map Land borders Coastline (updated) Islands & straits PYQ intelligence Static + current affairs Expected 2026/27 angles Interactive quiz Revision dashboard Mains value addition One-page revision Citations Section 01 · Framing Why UPSC Loves This Topic UPSC never asks the school-level question, “Where is India?” Instead, the location of India becomes a lens to test reasoning. The examiner probes location logic, direction, proximity, sequence, strategic geography, border-state mapping and the current-affairs connection . A single map fact can be wrapped inside a security, energy or diplomacy question — which is exactly why mastering this topic pays compound interest across Prelims and Mains. 🛡️ International Borders Seven neighbours, seven different security postures and a country–state matching trap. ⚓ Maritime Security EEZ, island outposts and a coastline that drives surveillance planning. 🛢️ Energy Security Crude flows through chokepoints India does not control but deeply depends on. 🚢 Indian Ocean Trade Sea lanes of communication that carry the bulk of India's external trade. 🤝 Neighbourhood Diplomacy Geography sets the agenda for the Neighbourhood First policy. 🌏 Indo-Pacific Strategy Andaman & Nicobar as India's eastern pivot toward the Malacca approach. 🌀 Disaster Management Cyclone-prone coasts and a longer, more detailed coastline baseline. 🚨 Defence & Internal Security Corridors, glaciers and disputed pockets that recur in the news cycle. Section 02 · Map Mode Interactive Map of India Toggle the layers, then tap any marker to read what it is, why it matters, the UPSC angle and the related PYQ or current-affairs link. Neighbours / Borders Coastal States Island Territories Chokepoints Strategic/Disputed CA Hotspots 🗺️ Tap any marker on the map to open its strategic note. Section 03 · Land Frontiers Land Borders of India Figures as listed by the Ministry of Home Affairs, Border Management-I Division. India shares its land boundary with seven nations. Neighbour Border length Bordering Indian States / UTs Bangladesh 4,096.70 km West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram China 3,488 km Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Ladakh Pakistan 3,323 km Gujarat, Rajasthan, Punjab, Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh Nepal 1,751 km Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Sikkim Myanmar 1,643 km Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram Bhutan 699 km Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh Afghanistan 106 km Ladakh region (as officially listed by MHA, along the Wakhan/PoJK claim line) Border length comparison (km) Bangladesh 4,096.7 China 3,488 Pakistan 3,323 Nepal 1,751 Myanmar 1,643 Bhutan 699 Afghanistan 106 ★ Exam Insight UPSC can test borders through country–state matching, sequence (longest to shortest), direction and security context . A favourite trap: a state may not actually touch the country it is "expected" to (e.g., Punjab borders Pakistan but not Afghanistan). Memorise the country → state set, not isolated facts. Section 04 · The Maritime Edge Coastline of India — Updated India's mainland coastline touches 9 States; islands add to the Union Territory total. The official figure was revised in 2025. Old commonly used figure 7,516.6 km Still printed in many older books & coaching notes Updated official figure 11,098.81 km Re-assessed by NHO with Survey of India This change is not because India physically gained any coastline. It is a result of improved measurement methodology — the National Hydrographic Office (NHO), in coordination with the Survey of India, used modern GIS software and high-resolution High-Water Line (HWL) data to capture the intricate curves, creeks and indentations earlier surveys smoothed over. The revision was promulgated through a Ministry of Ports, Shipping & Waterways circular and reflected in the PIB release of 4 December 2025. ⚠ Accuracy Warning Many old books and coaching notes still quote 7,516.6 km . For current affairs and updated factual questions, use 11,098.81 km . Be ready for a question that pairs the reason (GIS / High-Water Line re-assessment) with the figure — UPSC loves "why did it change" framing. Revised state-wise coastal ranking (high-yield) Rank State / UT Old (km) Revised (km) 1 Gujarat 1,214.70 2,340.62 2 Tamil Nadu 906.90 1,068.69 3 Andhra Pradesh 973.70 1,053.07 4 Maharashtra 652.60 877.97 5 West Bengal 157.50 721.02 6 Kerala 569.70 600.15 7 Odisha 476.40 574.71 — Andaman & Nicobar (UT) 1,962.00 3,083.50 — India (Total) 7,516.6 11,098.81 ★ Exam Insight Note the ranking shift: after the revision, Tamil Nadu overtook Andhra Pradesh to become second among mainland states, so Andhra Pradesh is now third . Gujarat remains first. Andaman & Nicobar has the longest UT coastline. These ordering facts are prime "consider the following / arrange in order" material. Section 05 · Islands, Channels & Straits Islands, Channels and Straits Open each card for location, why it matters, the UPSC angle and current-affairs relevance. Section 06 · Pattern Recognition PYQ Intelligence — What UPSC Has Already Asked Only real UPSC CSE Prelims questions are listed below, with verified answers. Where exact wording is not reproduced, the theme is given. 2014 UPSC CSE Prelims · GS Paper I Which pair of islands is separated by the Ten Degree Channel? Correct answer Andaman & Nicobar Islands Why UPSC asked it Tests island–channel pairing and latitude logic (≈10°N). Revise Ten Degree vs Nine Degree Channel; island groups. 2015 UPSC CSE Prelims · GS Paper I Which pair indicates the easternmost and westernmost States of India? Correct answer Arunachal Pradesh & Gujarat Why UPSC asked it Tests directional extremities and state location. Revise Extreme points of India (N, S, E, W) and their states. 2017 UPSC CSE Prelims · GS Paper I Which place is geographically closest to Great Nicobar? Correct answer Sumatra (Indonesia) Why UPSC asked it Tests proximity logic & strategic location near the Malacca approach. Revise Great Nicobar, Indira Point, Indo-Pacific geography. 2018 UPSC CSE Prelims · GS Paper I Among the given cities, which lies on a longitude closest to that of Delhi? Correct answer Bengaluru Why UPSC asked it Tests longitude awareness and N–S alignment of cities. Revise Major cities' approximate longitudes; Delhi ≈ 77°E. 2020 UPSC CSE Prelims · GS Paper I Siachen Glacier is situated to the ___ ? Correct answer North of Nubra Valley Why UPSC asked it Tests strategic location in the Karakoram & relative position. Revise Siachen, Nubra Valley, Aksai Chin, Leh — relative positions. 2021 UPSC CSE Prelims · GS Paper I Among Brahmani, Nagavali, Subarnarekha and Vamsadhara — which rise from the Eastern Ghats? Correct answer Nagavali & Vamsadhara (2 and 4) Why UPSC asked it Tests source-region mapping vs the Eastern Ghats. Revise East-flowing rivers and their source hills/plateaus. ★ Pattern Signal Across years the recurring patterns are clear: location, direction, proximity, sequence, island–channel pairing and strategic geography . Train your eye to spot which of these six the examiner is really testing. Section 07 · Map Mode for the News Static GK + Current Affairs Map Mode The highest-return topics where static geography meets live current affairs. Section 08 · Forward Look Expected UPSC 2026/27 Angles Ten probable question areas to keep on your radar. These are analytical expectations, not actual questions. India's revised coastline (11,098.81 km) and coastal governance / CRZ nuance. Border–state–country matching and sequencing. Strategic importance of the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Malacca Strait and India's Indo-Pacific role. Strait of Hormuz and India's energy security. Sir Creek and the maritime boundary question. Red Sea disruption and its effect on global trade. IMEC and alternative trade corridors. Siliguri Corridor and internal/strategic security. Island territories and maritime domain surveillance. Section 09 · Test Yourself Interactive UPSC-Style Quiz Twelve questions across MCQ, match, map-location, assertion-reason and statement-based formats. Click an option, then reveal the answer and explanation. Section 10 · Revision Engine Revision Dashboard Your progress is saved in this browser via localStorage, so it persists between visits. 🧱 Border Memory Table 🃏 Island & Channel Flashcards Tap a card to flip it. 🎯 Chokepoint Map Revision Section 11 · GS Paper Value Mains Value Addition Compact, ready-to-deploy points for GS-I (geography) and GS-II/III (IR, security, economy). India's geography as strategic capital A peninsular position in the Indian Ocean, astride major sea lanes, converts location into leverage — but also into responsibility for regional security and HADR (humanitarian assistance & disaster relief). Indian Ocean & maritime diplomacy SAGAR vision, IORA engagement, port partnerships and naval diplomacy translate geography into influence across the littoral. Border management & national security Diverse terrain — riverine (Bangladesh), high-altitude (China), desert (Pakistan) — demands differentiated fencing, technology and confidence-building mechanisms. Island territories & Indo-Pacific strategy Andaman & Nicobar command the western mouth of the Malacca approach; Lakshadweep anchors Arabian Sea presence — both extend India's surveillance reach and EEZ. Energy security & chokepoints Dependence on crude transiting Hormuz and Bab-el-Mandeb makes diversification, strategic reserves and alternative corridors (IMEC) policy priorities. Climate & disaster vulnerability of coastal India A longer, more precisely mapped coastline sharpens cyclone, erosion and sea-level-rise planning, and strengthens EEZ and territorial-water management. Model Question 1 India's location in the Indian Ocean gives it both strategic advantage and security responsibility. Discuss. Model Question 2 Explain the significance of island territories in India's maritime security architecture. Model Question 3 How do global maritime chokepoints affect India's energy security? Section 12 · Screenshot Saver One-Page Revision EduLaw · Aspirants Playbook 004 · Updated till June 25, 2026 India on the World Map — One Page Revision Longest land border Bangladesh — 4,096.70 km Shortest land border Afghanistan — 106 km Updated coastline 11,098.81 km (NHO + SoI, GIS/HWL) Old coastline figure 7,516.6 km Key channels Ten Degree, Nine Degree Key straits Palk, Hormuz, Malacca, Bab-el-Mandeb Strategic areas Sir Creek, Siliguri Corridor, Andaman & Nicobar, Lakshadweep Coastal top 3 Gujarat › Tamil Nadu › Andhra Pradesh PYQ patterns Location, direction, proximity, sequence, island–channel pairing, strategic geography 🖨️ Save / Print this card 📘 Get Aspirants Playbook Vol. I Verification Citations & Sources Ministry of Home Affairs, Border Management-I Division — international land border lengths and bordering States/UTs (Bangladesh 4,096.70 km; China 3,488 km; Pakistan 3,323 km; Nepal 1,751 km; Myanmar 1,643 km; Bhutan 699 km; Afghanistan 106 km along Ladakh). mha.gov.in PIB / Ministry of Earth Sciences & Ministry of Ports, Shipping & Waterways — Parliament Question on coastline, 4 Dec 2025: 7,516.6 km re-assessed to 11,098.81 km by NHO with Survey of India using modern GIS and High-Water Line data; state-wise revised table. pib.gov.in Ministry of Ports, Shipping & Waterways — circular on revised length of India's coastline. shipmin.gov.in UPSC CSE Prelims previous year question papers (2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021), GS Paper I — official question papers. Government of India — India has 28 States and 8 Union Territories. india.gov.in All data verified and updated till June 25, 2026. Border and coastline figures follow official MHA and PIB sources. PYQ answers are reproduced as themes where exact wording is not given; no questions have been invented. EduLaw Media India's First Legal Intelligence Platform www.store.theedulaw.in Aspirants Playbook 004 · India on the World Map · For UPSC CSE 2026/27. This is an educational revision note. Always cross-verify dynamic figures with the latest official MHA / PIB releases. ↑ /* ============ DATA ============ */ const mapNotes = { bangladesh:{badge:"Neighbour",title:"Bangladesh Border",what:"India's longest land border, 4,096.70 km, much of it riverine and highly zigzagged.",why:"Migration, smuggling and fencing challenges; enclaves were resolved via the 2015 LBA.",upsc:"Country–state matching; longest border fact.",ca:"Border fencing progress and trade ties."}, china:{badge:"Neighbour",title:"China Border (LAC)",what:"3,488 km along an undemarcated Line of Actual Control across Ladakh, HP, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Arunachal.",why:"Standoffs, infrastructure race and CBMs dominate the security agenda.",upsc:"LAC sectors; bordering states; Siachen/Aksai Chin location.",ca:"Disengagement and patrolling arrangements."}, pakistan:{badge:"Neighbour",title:"Pakistan Border",what:"3,323 km from the Rann of Kutch through desert to the LoC and AGPL.",why:"Infiltration, terrain diversity and the Sir Creek dispute.",upsc:"Bordering states; Sir Creek; Radcliffe Line.",ca:"Surveillance and anti-infiltration technology."}, nepal:{badge:"Neighbour",title:"Nepal Border",what:"1,751 km open border with deep people-to-people ties.",why:"Open-border management and occasional boundary disputes.",upsc:"Bordering states; Kalapani/Lipulekh debate.",ca:"Connectivity and hydropower cooperation."}, myanmar:{badge:"Neighbour",title:"Myanmar Border",what:"1,643 km across Arunachal, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram.",why:"Insurgency, the Free Movement Regime and Act East transit.",upsc:"Bordering states; Act East corridor.",ca:"Border management review and FMR changes."}, gujarat:{badge:"Coastal",title:"Gujarat Coast",what:"Longest state coastline — 2,340.62 km after revision.",why:"Major ports, refineries and the Gulf of Kutch / Sir Creek frontier.",upsc:"Coastal ranking #1; Sir Creek.",ca:"Coastline revision; port-led development."}, tamilnadu:{badge:"Coastal",title:"Tamil Nadu Coast",what:"1,068.69 km — now second among mainland states.",why:"Palk Strait, Gulf of Mannar and fisheries diplomacy with Sri Lanka.",upsc:"Ranking shift TN > AP; Palk Strait.",ca:"Fishermen issue; Katchatheevu debate."}, andhra:{badge:"Coastal",title:"Andhra Pradesh Coast",what:"1,053.07 km — now ranked third after the revision.",why:"Long eastern seaboard, key ports and cyclone exposure.",upsc:"Ranking change to #3.",ca:"Coastline revision; eastern ports."}, andaman:{badge:"Islands",title:"Andaman & Nicobar Islands",what:"India's eastern island arc; longest UT coastline (3,083.50 km).",why:"Commands the Malacca approach; tri-services command at Port Blair.",upsc:"Ten Degree Channel; Great Nicobar; Indira Point.",ca:"Great Nicobar development; Indo-Pacific posture."}, lakshadweep:{badge:"Islands",title:"Lakshadweep",what:"Coral atolls in the Arabian Sea; Nine Degree Channel passes through.",why:"Arabian Sea surveillance and SLOC monitoring.",upsc:"Nine Degree Channel; Maliku Atoll.",ca:"Tourism push and Arabian Sea security."}, siachen:{badge:"Strategic",title:"Siachen Glacier",what:"World's highest militarised glacier, north of Nubra Valley in the Karakoram.",why:"Dominates the India–Pakistan–China trijunction approaches.",upsc:"2020 PYQ — 'north of Nubra Valley'.",ca:"High-altitude logistics and AGPL."}, sircreek:{badge:"Strategic",title:"Sir Creek",what:"Tidal estuary on the Gujarat–Sindh boundary in the Rann of Kutch.",why:"Unresolved maritime boundary affecting the EEZ.",upsc:"Maritime boundary; baseline concepts.",ca:"Periodic boundary talks; security focus."}, siliguri:{badge:"Strategic",title:"Siliguri Corridor",what:"The narrow 'Chicken's Neck' linking the North-East to mainland India.",why:"A strategic vulnerability near the China–Bhutan–Bangladesh junction.",upsc:"Internal security; connectivity geography.",ca:"Connectivity projects and defence planning."}, hormuz:{badge:"Chokepoint",title:"Strait of Hormuz",what:"Between Iran and Oman; a major share of seaborne crude passes through.",why:"India's crude imports are heavily exposed to any disruption here.",upsc:"Energy security; bordering states of the strait.",ca:"Tensions affecting oil supply and prices."}, malacca:{badge:"Chokepoint",title:"Strait of Malacca",what:"Between Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore — the busiest east–west sea lane.",why:"India's eastern trade and the 'Malacca Dilemma' for energy flows.",upsc:"Great Nicobar proximity; SLOCs.",ca:"Indo-Pacific security cooperation."}, redsea:{badge:"Hotspot",title:"Red Sea / Bab-el-Mandeb",what:"Gateway between the Indian Ocean and Suez via Bab-el-Mandeb.",why:"Shipping disruptions reroute trade around Africa, raising costs.",upsc:"Trade routes; chokepoint geography.",ca:"Shipping disruptions and naval escorts."}, bengal:{badge:"Hotspot",title:"Bay of Bengal",what:"India's eastern maritime theatre, ringed by BIMSTEC members.",why:"Cyclones, blue economy and regional connectivity.",upsc:"BIMSTEC; cyclone tracks; ports.",ca:"BIMSTEC cooperation and maritime connectivity."} }; const islands = [ {n:"Andaman & Nicobar Islands",loc:"Bay of Bengal, southeast of the mainland",why:"India's eastern outpost guarding the Malacca approach; hosts the tri-services command.",upsc:"Ten Degree Channel separates Andaman from Nicobar; Indira Point is the southernmost tip.",ca:"Great Nicobar holistic development; Indo-Pacific strategy."}, {n:"Lakshadweep",loc:"Arabian Sea, off Kerala",why:"Coral archipelago anchoring Arabian Sea surveillance and the EEZ.",upsc:"Nine Degree Channel; separated from Maliku Atoll (Minicoy) area.",ca:"Tourism development and maritime security focus."}, {n:"Ten Degree Channel",loc:"≈10°N latitude, Bay of Bengal",why:"Separates the Andaman group from the Nicobar group.",upsc:"Direct 2014 PYQ — island–channel pairing.",ca:"Shipping lane and surveillance corridor."}, {n:"Nine Degree Channel",loc:"≈9°N latitude, Arabian Sea",why:"Separates the main Lakshadweep group from Minicoy / Maliku Atoll.",upsc:"Often paired/contrasted with the Ten Degree Channel.",ca:"Arabian Sea SLOC."}, {n:"Palk Strait",loc:"Between Tamil Nadu and northern Sri Lanka",why:"Shallow strait linked to fisheries and the Sethusamudram debate.",upsc:"India–Sri Lanka maritime geography; Adam's Bridge nearby.",ca:"Fishermen issue; Katchatheevu discussion."}, {n:"Gulf of Mannar",loc:"Between southeast India and Sri Lanka",why:"A biosphere reserve with rich marine biodiversity.",upsc:"Marine national park / biosphere reserve.",ca:"Conservation and coastal livelihoods."}, {n:"Sir Creek",loc:"Rann of Kutch, Gujarat–Sindh boundary",why:"Disputed tidal estuary affecting the maritime boundary and EEZ.",upsc:"Baselines, maritime boundary delimitation.",ca:"Boundary talks and border security."}, {n:"Siliguri Corridor",loc:"North Bengal — the 'Chicken's Neck'",why:"Narrow land link between the North-East and the rest of India.",upsc:"Internal-security geography; strategic vulnerability.",ca:"Connectivity and defence preparedness."}, {n:"Strait of Hormuz",loc:"Between Iran and Oman (Persian Gulf mouth)",why:"A major share of global seaborne crude transits here.",upsc:"Energy security; key oil chokepoint.",ca:"Regional tensions and oil-supply risk."}, {n:"Bab-el-Mandeb",loc:"Between the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden",why:"Connects the Indian Ocean to the Suez–Mediterranean route.",upsc:"Trade-route chokepoint; bordering regions.",ca:"Red Sea shipping disruptions."}, {n:"Strait of Malacca",loc:"Between Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore",why:"Busiest east–west shipping lane; the 'Malacca Dilemma'.",upsc:"Proximity to Great Nicobar; SLOCs.",ca:"Indo-Pacific security and trade."}, {n:"Lombok Strait",loc:"Between Bali and Lombok, Indonesia",why:"A deep-water alternative to Malacca for large vessels.",upsc:"Alternative SLOC in the Indo-Pacific.",ca:"Re-routing options for trade and energy."} ]; const ca = [ {n:"Strait of Hormuz",where:"Between Iran and Oman, mouth of the Persian Gulf.",news:"Periodic tensions threaten the flow of crude on which India relies.",pre:"Energy security; identify the bordering countries.",mains:"Discuss India's exposure to Hormuz and strategies to diversify energy supply."}, {n:"Red Sea",where:"Between Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, via Bab-el-Mandeb.",news:"Shipping disruptions push vessels around the Cape, raising freight costs.",pre:"Trade-route geography; chokepoint location.",mains:"How do Red Sea disruptions affect global trade and India's exports?"}, {n:"IMEC",where:"India–Middle East–Europe Economic Corridor (sea + rail).",news:"A connectivity initiative offering an alternative to existing routes.",pre:"Connectivity corridors; member geography.",mains:"Evaluate IMEC's potential as an alternative trade corridor for India."}, {n:"Andaman & Nicobar",where:"Bay of Bengal, near the Malacca approach.",news:"Great Nicobar development and Indo-Pacific posture.",pre:"Ten Degree Channel; Indira Point.",mains:"Assess A&N Islands in India's Indo-Pacific and surveillance strategy."}, {n:"Lakshadweep",where:"Arabian Sea, off the Kerala coast.",news:"Tourism push and Arabian Sea maritime security.",pre:"Nine Degree Channel; coral atolls.",mains:"Significance of Lakshadweep for Arabian Sea security."}, {n:"Sir Creek",where:"Rann of Kutch, Gujarat–Sindh boundary.",news:"Unresolved maritime boundary dispute with Pakistan.",pre:"Baselines; maritime boundary concepts.",mains:"Examine the Sir Creek dispute and its bearing on India's EEZ."}, {n:"Bay of Bengal",where:"Eastern maritime theatre, ringed by BIMSTEC states.",news:"BIMSTEC cooperation, cyclones and maritime connectivity.",pre:"BIMSTEC members; cyclone geography.",mains:"How can the Bay of Bengal anchor India's regional connectivity?"} ]; const quiz = [ {type:"MCQ",q:"The Ten Degree Channel separates which of the following?",o:["Andaman and Nicobar Islands","Lakshadweep and Maliku Atoll","India and Sri Lanka","Sumatra and Java"],a:0,e:"The Ten Degree Channel (≈10°N) separates the Andaman group from the Nicobar group — a directly tested 2014 fact."}, {type:"MCQ",q:"After the 2025 revision, India's official coastline length is:",o:["7,516.6 km","8,118 km","11,098.81 km","12,500 km"],a:2,e:"The NHO, with the Survey of India, re-assessed the coastline to 11,098.81 km using modern GIS and High-Water Line data."}, {type:"Statement-based",q:"Consider the following statements about the coastline revision:",s:["The increase is because India physically gained new coastline.","Modern GIS and high-resolution High-Water Line data were used.","The figure changed from 7,516.6 km to 11,098.81 km."],o:["1 and 2 only","2 and 3 only","1 and 3 only","1, 2 and 3"],a:1,e:"Statement 1 is false — no land was gained; the change is purely methodological. Statements 2 and 3 are correct."}, {type:"MCQ",q:"India's longest land border is shared with:",o:["China","Pakistan","Bangladesh","Nepal"],a:2,e:"Bangladesh — 4,096.70 km, the longest as per MHA; China is second at 3,488 km."}, {type:"Match",q:"Match the neighbour with its border length (km):",s:["China — ?","Pakistan — ?","Nepal — ?","Bhutan — ?"],o:["3,488 / 3,323 / 1,751 / 699","3,323 / 3,488 / 699 / 1,751","3,488 / 1,751 / 3,323 / 699","1,643 / 3,323 / 1,751 / 699"],a:0,e:"China 3,488; Pakistan 3,323; Nepal 1,751; Bhutan 699 — all per MHA."}, {type:"Map-location",q:"Which place is geographically closest to Great Nicobar?",o:["Sri Lanka","Sumatra","Myanmar coast","Thailand"],a:1,e:"Sumatra (Indonesia) is closest — a 2017 PYQ; it sits near the Malacca approach."}, {type:"MCQ",q:"Siachen Glacier is situated to the:",o:["East of Aksai Chin","East of Leh","North of Gilgit","North of Nubra Valley"],a:3,e:"North of Nubra Valley in the Karakoram — the verified 2020 PYQ answer."}, {type:"Assertion-Reason",q:"Assertion (A): Tamil Nadu now ranks second among mainland states by coastline.\nReason (R): The 2025 revision recomputed state coastlines using high-resolution data.",o:["Both A and R true, R explains A","Both A and R true, R does not explain A","A true, R false","A false, R true"],a:0,e:"Both are true and connected — the recomputation pushed Tamil Nadu (1,068.69 km) above Andhra Pradesh (1,053.07 km)."}, {type:"MCQ",q:"The Nine Degree Channel is associated with:",o:["Andaman & Nicobar","Lakshadweep","Palk Strait","Gulf of Mannar"],a:1,e:"The Nine Degree Channel (≈9°N) separates the main Lakshadweep group from the Minicoy/Maliku area."}, {type:"Map-location",q:"The 'Chicken's Neck' that links the North-East to the rest of India is the:",o:["Sir Creek","Siliguri Corridor","Dhubri Gap","Tezpur Corridor"],a:1,e:"The Siliguri Corridor — a narrow, strategically sensitive land link near the China–Bhutan–Bangladesh junction."}, {type:"Statement-based",q:"Which pair indicates India's easternmost and westernmost States?",o:["Assam and Rajasthan","Arunachal Pradesh and Rajasthan","Assam and Gujarat","Arunachal Pradesh and Gujarat"],a:3,e:"Arunachal Pradesh (east) and Gujarat (west) — the verified 2015 PYQ answer."}, {type:"MCQ",q:"Among Brahmani, Nagavali, Subarnarekha and Vamsadhara, which rise from the Eastern Ghats?",o:["1 and 2","2 and 4","1 and 3","3 and 4"],a:1,e:"Nagavali (2) and Vamsadhara (4) rise from the Eastern Ghats — the verified 2021 PYQ answer."} ]; const borderRevData=["Bangladesh — 4,096.70 km","China — 3,488 km","Pakistan — 3,323 km","Nepal — 1,751 km","Myanmar — 1,643 km","Bhutan — 699 km","Afghanistan — 106 km"]; const flashData=[ {f:"Ten Degree Channel",b:"Separates Andaman from Nicobar (≈10°N)"}, {f:"Nine Degree Channel",b:"Separates Lakshadweep from Minicoy/Maliku (≈9°N)"}, {f:"Palk Strait",b:"Between Tamil Nadu & northern Sri Lanka"}, {f:"Indira Point",b:"Southernmost tip of India (Great Nicobar)"}, {f:"Sir Creek",b:"Disputed tidal estuary, Rann of Kutch"} ]; const chokeRevData=["Strait of Hormuz — oil","Bab-el-Mandeb — Red Sea gateway","Strait of Malacca — busiest E–W lane","Lombok Strait — deep-water alternative","Palk Strait — India–Sri Lanka"]; /* ============ ISLAND ACCORDION ============ */ const islandAcc=document.getElementById('islandAcc'); islands.forEach(it=>{ const d=document.createElement('div');d.className='acc'; d.innerHTML=` ${it.n} › Location ${it.loc} Why it matters ${it.why} UPSC angle ${it.upsc} Current affairs ${it.ca} `; islandAcc.appendChild(d); d.querySelector('.acc-head').onclick=()=>{ const body=d.querySelector('.acc-body'); const open=d.classList.toggle('open'); body.style.maxHeight=open?body.scrollHeight+'px':0; }; }); /* ============ CURRENT AFFAIRS ============ */ const caGrid=document.getElementById('caGrid'); ca.forEach(c=>{ const el=document.createElement('div');el.className='ca-card'; el.innerHTML=` ${c.n} Where ${c.where} Why in news ${c.news} Prelims angle ${c.pre} Mains angle ${c.mains} `; caGrid.appendChild(el); }); /* ============ QUIZ ============ */ const quizArea=document.getElementById('quizArea'); quiz.forEach((qq,i)=>{ const wrap=document.createElement('div');wrap.className='quiz-q'; let stmts=''; if(qq.s){stmts=qq.s.map(s=>` • ${s} `).join('');} const opts=qq.o.map((o,oi)=>` ${String.fromCharCode(97+oi)}) ${o} `).join(''); wrap.innerHTML=` Q${i+1} ${qq.type} ${qq.q.replace(/\n/g,' ')}${stmts} ${opts} Reveal answer Answer: ${String.fromCharCode(97+qq.a)}) ${qq.o[qq.a]} ${qq.e} `; quizArea.appendChild(wrap); const lis=wrap.querySelectorAll('.opts li'); const expl=wrap.querySelector('.expl'); let answered=false; lis.forEach(li=>{ li.onclick=()=>{ if(answered)return;answered=true; const ix=+li.dataset.i; if(ix===qq.a){li.classList.add('correct');} else{li.classList.add('wrong');lis[qq.a].classList.add('correct');} expl.classList.add('show'); }; }); wrap.querySelector('.show-ans').onclick=()=>{ lis[qq.a].classList.add('correct');expl.classList.add('show');answered=true; }; }); /* ============ DASHBOARD REV ============ */ function buildRev(containerId,items,storeKey,progId){ const c=document.getElementById(containerId); const saved=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(storeKey)||'{}'); items.forEach((t,i)=>{ const row=document.createElement('div');row.className='rev-row'; const btn=document.createElement('button');btn.className='rev-btn';btn.textContent='Mark revised'; if(saved[i]){btn.classList.add('done');btn.textContent='✓ Revised';} btn.onclick=()=>{ saved[i]=!saved[i]; btn.classList.toggle('done',saved[i]); btn.textContent=saved[i]?'✓ Revised':'Mark revised'; localStorage.setItem(storeKey,JSON.stringify(saved)); updateProg(); }; const span=document.createElement('span');span.textContent=t; row.appendChild(span);row.appendChild(btn);c.appendChild(row); }); function updateProg(){ const done=Object.values(saved).filter(Boolean).length; document.getElementById(progId).style.width=(done/items.length*100)+'%'; } updateProg(); } buildRev('borderRev',borderRevData,'apb004_border','prog-border'); buildRev('chokeRev',chokeRevData,'apb004_choke','prog-choke'); /* ============ FLASHCARDS ============ */ const flashArea=document.getElementById('flashArea'); flashData.forEach(fd=>{ const f=document.createElement('div');f.className='flash'; f.innerHTML=` ${fd.f} ${fd.b} `; f.onclick=()=>f.classList.toggle('flip'); flashArea.appendChild(f); }); /* ============ MAP TOGGLES + TOOLTIP ============ */ document.querySelectorAll('.toggle').forEach(t=>{ t.onclick=()=>{ t.classList.toggle('on'); const layer=t.dataset.layer;const on=t.classList.contains('on'); document.querySelectorAll(`#indiaMap .pin[data-layer="${layer}"]`).forEach(p=>{ p.classList.toggle('layer-hidden',!on); }); }; }); const ttPanel=document.getElementById('ttPanel'); document.querySelectorAll('#indiaMap .pin').forEach(p=>{ p.onclick=()=>{ const d=mapNotes[p.dataset.key];if(!d)return; ttPanel.innerHTML=` ${d.badge} ${d.title} What is it? ${d.what} Why it matters ${d.why} UPSC angle ${d.upsc} PYQ / current affairs ${d.ca} `; ttPanel.scrollIntoView({behavior:'smooth',block:'nearest'}); }; }); /* ============ MOBILE MENU ============ */ document.getElementById('menuBtn').onclick=()=>{ document.getElementById('toc').classList.toggle('open-mobile'); }; document.querySelectorAll('.toc a').forEach(a=>{ a.addEventListener('click',()=>{ if(window.innerWidth { es.forEach(e=>{if(e.isIntersecting){e.target.classList.add('in');io.unobserve(e.target);}}); },{threshold:.1}); document.querySelectorAll('.reveal').forEach(s=>io.observe(s)); /* ============ BAR CHART ANIMATION ============ */ const chartIO=new IntersectionObserver(es=>{ es.forEach(e=>{ if(e.isIntersecting){ e.target.querySelectorAll('.bar-fill').forEach(b=>b.style.width=b.dataset.w+'%'); chartIO.unobserve(e.target); } }); },{threshold:.25}); chartIO.observe(document.getElementById('borderChart')); /* ============ TOC ACTIVE STATE ============ */ const tocLinks=document.querySelectorAll('.toc a'); const tocIO=new IntersectionObserver(es=>{ es.forEach(e=>{ if(e.isIntersecting){ tocLinks.forEach(l=>l.classList.toggle('active',l.getAttribute('href')==='#'+e.target.id)); } }); },{rootMargin:'-25% 0px -65% 0px'}); document.querySelectorAll('.content section').forEach(s=>tocIO.observe(s)); /* ============ BACK TO TOP ============ */ const toTop=document.getElementById('toTop'); window.addEventListener('scroll',()=>{toTop.classList.toggle('show',window.scrollY>600);});